
The northern part of the Nearctic region has a cold climate. The arrangement of mountain ranges affect bird distribution and many species are migratory, wintering in Central and South America.
Typical birds include wrens, mocking birds, tyrant flycatchers, cranes, cuckoos, wood warblers and New World sparrows. Auks, grouse, loons, and waxwings are endemic to the Holarctic region.
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